الفهرس 
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Abstract
Background. Painful procedures are common in neonates especially those in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Analgesic therapy is often not given, despite greater understanding that neonates experience pain. Objectives. To determine the efficacy, effect of dose and safety of oral sucrose for relieving procedural pain in neonates. Search strategy. The standard methods of the Cochrane Neonatal Collaborative Review Group were used. Selection criteria. Randomized controlled trials in which term and/or preterm neonates (postnatal age maximum of 28 days corrected for postmenstrual age) received sucrose for procedural pain. Control conditions included no treatment, water, pacifier, positioning. Data collection and analysis. The main outcome measures were physiological and/or behavioral pain indicators and/or composite pain scores. A weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the fixed effects model was reported for continuous outcome measures. Main results. Sucrose significantly reduced duration of total crying time (seconds) but did not reduce duration of first cry (seconds) during heel lance. No significant differences were found for percent change in heart rate from baseline at one minute and three minutes post-heel lance, or for mean heart rate at three minutes post-heel lance. Infants given sucrose post-heel lance had significantly lower Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) scores at 30 seconds and 60 seconds. There were no differences in adverse effects between sucrose and control groups. Conclusions. Sucrose is safe and effective for reducing procedural pain from painful events as heel lance and venepuncture. Our recommendation, based on this review, is that doses ranging from 0.5 to 2 ml of 12% to 50% sucrose solution should be administered approximately two minutes prior to heel lances and venepunctures for pain relief in neonates.