الفهرس 
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Abstract
Influenza is an infectious disease caused by RNA viruses of the family Orthomyxoviridae , which consists of the genera: influenza A, B, and C virus. Influenza in humans may occur in two epidemiologic forms, pandemics and epidemics. Seasonal influenza epidemics are responsible for 36,000 deaths and 520,000 hospitalizations in the U.S each year and believed to be associated with 300,000 to 500,000 deaths worldwide. For prevention and control of influenza, it is necessary to educate the public about personal hygiene practices related to coughing, sneezing and prevention of transmission from hand to mucous membranes.Specific vaccines (both inactivated and live, attenuated vaccines) are developed annually according to WHO recommendations regarding the composition of the vaccine for season. Vaccination should be given every year before influenza spread is expected in the community. Antiviral drugs are also available and have proven to be effective for prophylaxis and treatment. A highly pathogenic avian strain named H5N1 raised the concern of a new influenza pandemic, after it emerged in Asia in the 1990 then spread all over the world. In April 2009, a novel flu strain emerged in known as swine influenza A/H1N1. The current situation in Egypt showed that: 1) The cumulative number of confirmed human cases of avian influenza A/H5N1as reported by Governorate Surveillance Site of Egypt till 7/2/2011 is 124 cases. 2) The first laboratory- confirmed H1N1 case in Egypt was reported in early June 2009, while the first recorded H1N death was reported in mid- July 2009. The total case number of H1N1 in Egypt during the pandemic flu was 16737; out of them 281 had been fatal, with a case fatality of 1.7%. The Egyptian Ministry of Health (MOH) has taken action in the form of National Preparedness Pandemic Plan (PPP), which was prepared and ready for implementation.