الفهرس 
Introduction
Soil characteristicsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The results of the present study indicated that, the total number of plant species recorded in the present study is 56 species belonging to 46 genera and related to 20 families. The family Chenopodiaceae comprises 10 species or about 17.85 % of the total recorded plant species, followed by family Gramineae 9 species ( 16.07% ) , then Compositae 7 species (12.5 %), Cyperaceae 5 species (8.92% ), Cruciferae, Polygonaceae, Aizoaceae comprise 3 species each ( 5.35% ), Zygophyllaceae 2 (3.57%) species and the remaining families which include Amaranthaceae, Azollaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Rhizophoraceae, Malvaceae, Leguminosae, Oxalidaceae, Rununculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Tamaricaceae and Typhaceae comprise only one species each (1.78 %). These recorded species include 23 annual species (41.07 %), one biennial species (1.78 %) and 32 perennial species (57.14 %). According to the life-form spectra the majority of the recorded species are therophytes (39.68%), followed by helophytes (23.81%), then geophytes (19.05%), chamaephytes (12.69). The lowest value of life – forms is recorded as nanophanerophytes and hemicryptophytes which attained value of (3.17%). The floristic analysis of the study area revealed that, 17 species (30.35 %) of the total recorded species are Pluriregional taxa, 13 species (23.11%) Bioregional taxa, 9 species (16.07 %) are Cosmopolitan, 7 species (12.5%) are Pantropical, 4 species (7.14 %) are Palaeotropical, 3 species (5.35 %) are Neotropical, 2 species (3.57 %) are Mediterranean, and one species (1.78 %) is Sudano- Zambezian elements. Lake Manzala vegetation is threatened by the desalination of lake due to the high amount of drainage water from minor and major drains . It is necessary to emphasize that Lake Manzala vegetation in fact demand urgent management action to conserve its threatened and unique biodiversity. The framework of Egyptian National Conservation Strategy provided an instructive approach for sustainable utilization of the biodiversity. The threat of genetic erosion in Lake Manzala as a result of desalination could lead to extinction of many neglected and under-utilized plant genetic resources. So, National Gene Banks in collaboration of other national partners have to be enhanced the conservation of the threatened and unique biodiversity of Lake Manzala in order to protect those biodiversity from extinction.