الفهرس 
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Abstract
Intubation of the pediatric airway provides a challenge. There are differences in securing and maintaining an airway in a child versus an adult. The pediatric airway has unique anatomy, and there is a diverse set of congenital and acquired anomalies present in children. Fortunately, advances in airway management and intubation have provided the physician with a large repertoire of airway management techniques . One of the most challenging aspects facing anesthesiologists is maintaining the technical skills that are necessary for the management of the difficult airway.In an emergency setting, this also includes difficulty performing an emergency surgical airway, such as needle cricothyroidotomy . The presence of developmental anatomic and physiologic differences between infants and children and adults which can make even the ”normal” pediatric airway a management challenge .Fortunately the incidence of unexpected difficult pediatric airway is low. Most of the difficult airways are associated with congenital syndromes. A detailed preoperative evaluation of the airway may be difficult in an uncooperative child. Small receded mandible can be missed easily. Every attempt should be made to evaluate child in a lateral profile .Difficulty in managing airway can arise from one or more of the following three reasons; accessing the airway , visualizing the airway and challenges of the target tissue .