الفهرس 
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Abstract
Several publications focused on the antiviral nature of fused 1,5-benzodiazepine ring system. These findings encouraged the design and synthesis of certain novel 1,2,4-triazolo[4,3-a][1,5]benzodiazepines, tetrazolo [1,5-a][1,5]benzodiazepine and imidazo[1,2-a][1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives to be evaluated for their antiviral activity. 4-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepin-2-one (I) was used as a starting compound for the preparation of new intermediates (II, III, IV,VI, Xa-d and XIIa-g) which were required for the synthesis of the target final compounds (Va-c, VII, VIII, IX, XIa-d and XIIIa-g). The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were confirmed through microanalysis and spectral data (IR, Mass spectroscopy and 1H-NMR). Molecular docking of all final compounds was performed against several enzymes related to DNA and RNA viruses. The data obtained indicated that XIIId, XIIIf, XIIIg and XIIIa exhibited the highest affinity with HIV-reverse transcriptase enzyme so, they are expected to possess promising anti-HIV activity. Fifteen of the newly synthesized final compounds Va-c, VII, VIII, IX, XIa-d, XIIIa and XIIId-g were screened in vitro for their antiviral activity and cytotoxicity against Herpes Simplex Virus type-1(HSV-1). Antiviral activity was estimated as the % reduction in the number of virus plaques, while cytotoxicity was determined as the concentration that caused 50 % loss of the monolayer present around the plaques caused by HSV. Compounds Va-c showed promising anti-HSV activity with 62, 60 and 55% reduction in the number of virus plaques, respectively. Based on the results of this study we can conclude that: Compounds Va-c possess promising anti HSV-1 activity and expected moderate anti-HIV activity while Compounds XIIIa-g exhibited weak anti HSV-1activity but expected to possess promising anti-HIV activity.