الفهرس 
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Abstract
Avoiding allogenic (homologous) blood transfusion is an important issue in the perioperative care of surgical patients thereby,Programs were designed to eliminate or decrease the use of homologous blood transfusion in the
surgical patient. -
That programs should include several components: Preoperative blood
donation, acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH),Intra and post operative
blood salvage, the use of pharmacological agent todecrease blood loss, and-
meticulous surgical hemostasis,acceptance of minimal perioperative hemoglobin level,Successful programs have been built around two or three of these compenets
ANH is intentional preoperative hemodilution induced by removal of od from the patient immediately before or just after induction of anesthesia and its replacement with acellular fluii( colloid or crystalloid solutions)to maintain normovolernia and later reinfusion of withdrawn blood.
There is no standard nomenclature for degrees of hemodilution, but it is generally accepted at hematocrit (HCT) 28 %. Degree of hemodilution
varies according to the patients preoperative condition.
Acute preoperative limited or moderate normovolemic hernodilution is term applied when the hematocrite is reduced(Hct) down to28%.Acute ieme hemodilution designate a reduction of Hct to level below 20 %.Acute rofound hemodilution designate a redution of Hct to level below 10 %.