الفهرس 
HD Equipments
Typical Water Treatment SystemOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
a) Haemodialysis patients are exposed every week to 400 L of the production of dialysis fluids which , albeit with the interposition of a semi-permeable artificial membrane , come into direct contact with the bloodstream ; it is clearly important to know and monitor the chemical and microbiology purity of dialysis water. Dialysate purity has become a major concern in years since it was shown that low levels of endotoxin in dialysis were able to induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines ,which were putatively implicated in the development of dialysis-related pathology .Microbial contamination of dialysis water and dialysis is common in dialysis centres several factors favour bacterial growth in the wts where water is stagnant . The bacteriological quality of dialysis has been improve substantially during the other hand , the almost universal use of sodium bicarbonate instead of bacterial contamination of dialysate . The currently used techniques to validate dialysate fluids quality are assessed by HPC and LAL assay . The European , the British and the Swedish pharmacopoeias set the upper limit of acceptability at 100 CFU\mi and 0.25 EU\mi . The present study aimed to assess the bacteriology quality of dialysis fluid in two haemodialysis unties in Alexandria . This study was carried out on a total of 321 dialysis fluids samples (water and dialysate ) from two haemodialysis units in Alexandria , that were distributed as 213 sample from units A(governmental ) and 108 samples from units B(private) All the samples were collected , clearly labeled , transport on ice and delivered to the laboratory as soon as possible to be analysed with in 1-2 hours of collection . in case of expected delay , samples were stored at 4 c for 18-24 hours maximum . Prior to bacteriology examination , each sample was vigorously shaken to ensure homogeneous distribution of the organisms .All samples were analysed for enumeration of the total viable heterotrophic bacteria using the standard pour plate method , and for the determination of the total coliforms using the P\A and the MTD method . Out of these , 50 samples were examination for endotoxin detection by the LAL assay in addition to the previous methods