الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present study was conducted to assess the periodontal condition among adult diabetic patients in Alexandria, their treatment needs, and the detection of certain HLA antigen(s) in type 1 diabetics and non¬diabetic subjects with and without periodontitis.
In the present study 2500 diabetic patients belonging to type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from those who attend the diabetes out-patient clinic at the Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University; different diabetes out-patient clinics in Ministry of Health; different diabetes centers in Health Insurance clinics; and the clinics of the Dental Research Center, Alexandria governorate. A proportional allocation sample was drown according to three age groups as recommended by the WHO (19-24, 33-44, 55-64).
A high prevalence of the periodontal disease assessed by the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) and Loss of
Attachment (LoA) level scores was detected among the diabetic patients, where 99.29% and 91.34% had periodontitis and LoA, respectively. According to The CPITN scores, shallow and deep pocket formation accounted for the highest prevalence of different periodontal conditions (46.62% and 38.29%, respectively) in all studied age groups. As for LoA levels 4 - 5 mm and 12 mm or more were the highest prevalence in all studied age groups (37.37% and 27.95%, respectively), indicating a state of poor periodontal condition among the diabetic patients. Linear Regression analysis of the independent variables revealed that teeth cleaning was the best predictor variable of periodontal condition measured by CPITN index as well as LoA levels, followed by duration of
diabetes and dental visit behaviour. For CPITN index the last predictor variable was the blood glucose level, where it was found that the variation in the periodontal condition was explained by 14.1 % of the variation in the predictor variables. While, for LoA, the last predictor variable was education, and the variation of LoA levels was explained by 12.2% of the variation in the significant four independent variables. These findings emphasize the great impact of oral hygiene measures either personal or professional on the periodontal health of the diabetics. Also, the duration of diabetes as well as the glycemic control has a great influence on the periodontal condition.
Concerning, periodontal treatment needs as assessed by the CPITN index oral hygiene instructions (TN 1) and prophylaxis (TN2) were