الفهرس 
Portland cementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Oil shales are defined as natural sedimentary rocks consisting of organic and inorganic parts; the organic part burns to give its calorific value whereas the residual ash remaining after burning represents theinorganic part. The ash is composed mainly of inorganc oxides, such as CaO, SiO2, AI2O3, Fe2O3….ect. The organic matter in oil shales can be destroyed by heat in absence of air to give oil and gas. The resulting oil from heating the shales resembles crude oil (petroleum) and it can be distilled to give conventional petroleum products such as benzene, fuel oil ….ect. Reserve of oil shales in Egypt are estimated as about 15 billion tones, but they are utilized recently to a very limited extent.
The present study deals with two mains target:-
1-Assessment of the use of Egyptain oil shales as an additive to the clinker raw mix, it acts from one side as a source of energy through its evolved heat of combustion and from the other side as a source of raw materials through the residual ash remaining after combusion.
2- Assessment of addition of the residual ash, remaining after burning Egyptian oil shales, in various percentages to ordinary Portland cement, in order to produce a new type of blended cement.
In the present study, Egyptian oil shales from two different mines have been investigated; Younis Gharb mine, located in the Red Sea Coast (referred as shale I) and El-Wady El Gedid region, in the Western Desert of Egypt (referred as shale II).