الفهرس 
Materials and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Aknowledge of the compoaition of urinary atonea ia
fundmently important becauae urolithiaaia ia a recurrent
diaeaae in many people and preventive meaaurea muat be baaed
on auch informationa .
Thua the aim of thia work to identify the compoaition of
the different urinary calculi uaing the chemical method for
atone analyaia and to find any releation between the typea of
cryatalluria and compoaition of the atonea .
The aeriea compriaed 60 patienta harbouring urinary
calculi they have been divided into 7 groupa according to
the typea of cryatalluria .
The age incidence of urolithiaaia ia the middle age
group. Male out number female in all groupa being 3.3: 1 in
general the moat common preaenting.aymptom5 waa renal colic in
33.33 % of patienta. mixed aymptom5 in 25 % of patienta
while no aymptoma at all in 13.33 % of patienta Analyaia of
urine ahow that 83.33 % of the caaea had an acidic
reaction and 16.66 % alkaline reaction .Pua cella were
obaerved in 90 % of caaea. cryatala were preaent im 92 %
Bacteriological atudy of urine ahowed the preaence of urinary
infection in 56.66 %. the moat common cauaing organiam5 were
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E. coli in 47 %. thiB BhowB that infection may playa great
role in Btone formation. Radiological inveBtigationB have
Bhow that radiopaque BtoneB repreBent 96.66 % and back
preBBure waB preBent in 26.66 % of caBeB
The anatomical diBtribution of urinary calculi in the
upper urinary tract waB obBerved to be 41.33 % and 38.33 % for
renal and ureteral BtoneB .
AB regard to the Bide diBtrubution of renal calculi
Bhow that the right Bide waB more affected than the left Bide
(26.66% 15.00 %) • aB regard to the ureteric stone the left
ureter waB more affected than the right one (20.00 %
18.33%) .
_ The composition of the stones was determine using the
chemical methods ”spot tests” which identified (10) different
groups The following points need to be emphasized:
Calcium oxalate crystals were the most common
constituent encountered .(73.33 % of stoneB) .
- The ~requency of association between oxalate and
calcium phosphate were 21.66 % of stones.
- The frequency of association between cal. oxalate and
urin acid were 20 % of stones which may suggest that uric
acid may form the nucleus of the stones in mixed types
- Pure uric acid stones were preseht only in 3.33 %
of stones .
- As regard to blood urine chemistry
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_ With oxallouria calcium excretion was releatively
increase but not of them has true hypercalciuria
(more than 500 mg / 24 h urine)
Crystalluria was more common in stone formers and as the
concentration of crystalluria are increase. the incidence of
stone formation increase while 11.66 % of calcular patients
has no crystalluria and it was found that the pattaren
crystalluria did not confirm precisely to the stone pattaren
composition. except in case of oxalluria the most stones
formed was composed of calcium oxalate in pure or mixed form .
and in case of phosphaturia phosphate crystals were present in
85.66 % of stones in pure or mixed form .
_ While urate crystalluria was common crystals in the urine
calcium oxalate crystals was present im 73.33 % of the formed
stone .
So the only method to know the types of crystals in the
stone is analysis of the removed stones whatever by chemical v
or infrared methods and treatme~t of the patient to avoid
recurrance whatever by medical or surgical methods .