الفهرس 
Resistance spectrum of spodoptera spp.
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Abstract
Development of pesticide resistance is a serious obstacle to successful pest control . The cotton leafworm Spodoptera tittoralis (Boisd.) in Egypt has been rapidly developing resistance to insecticides since 1961 after 6 years of toxaphene applications . Later on, enormous amounts of practically all available insecticides were applied to control the cotton leafworm and others pests.
This thesis is a contribution to study ;-
a - Levels of pesticide resistance for some insecticides (profenfos, chlorpyrifos methyl, methomyl, carbaryl and chlorfluazuron) in the cotton leafworm Spodoptera Uttoralis (Boisd.) field strains collected from middle zone of the Egyptian Nile delta were estimated.
b -The latent effect or delayed toxicity of previous insecticides were evaluated against larvae of Spodoptera Uttoralis susceptible and field strains .
c -Toxicity and and feeding effect of soap, micronized sulfur and mineral oil were evaluated against larvae of susceptible and field strains too .
d - Field studies were done throughout two growing seasons on cotton cultivation by applying chlorfluazuron and chlorpyrifos methyl, which had the highest effect against the cotton leafworm Spodoptera Uttoralis larvae in the laboratory studies.