الفهرس 
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Abstract
Streptomycetes are considered as a group of microorganisms of very strategic
importance, Since 1964 , an intensive work has been conducting by the supervisor of
this thesis on the taxonomy and biological activities of streptomycetes isolated from
soils of Egypt and several new species were described. In view of the fact that
Streptomycete taxonomy has recently undergone revolutionary changes, where newly
suggested biochemical, chemical, genetical and numerical criteria are given more
weight than the traditional morphological or physiological characters, it was thought
necessary to redescribe the collection of Streptomycetes obtained from soils of Egypt.
The present thesis deals with the redescription of the pigmented isolates of
Streptomycetes belonging to the grey Series, i.e producing grey coloured aerial
mycelium. The present work deals with representative pigmented isolates previously
described as well as some newly obtained isolates. The studied Streptomycetes were
differentiated into the six known colour section : violet, blue, green, brown, red and
yellow.
The violet Section
Group one : Isolates of this group produce spiral chains of smooth surface spores,
grey aerial mycelium with purple substrate mycelium, diffusible pH sensitive purple
pigments, melanin positive, mesophiles, produce antibiotics active against Gram
positive bacteria, but sensitive to some antibiotics, show lipolytic, keratinolytic,
cellulolytic and chitinolytic activities, degrade some complex compounds, Isolates of
this group were identified as Streptomyces prunigriseolus, n.sp. Hussein and ELGammal,
1973.
Group two: Isolates of this group produce compact spiral chains of smooth spores,
grey aerial mycelium with violet substrate mycelium diffusible pH sensitive violet
pigments, melanin positive, mesophiles, produce antibiotics active against Gram
positive bacteria, but sensitive to some antibiotics, show lipolytic, keratinolytic,
cellulolytic and chitinolytic activities, degrade some complex compounds. Isolates of
this roup were identified as Streptomyces prunicinereus, n.sp. , Hussein and
El-Gammal, 1973.
Group three : The isolate of this group produces spiral chains of smooth surface
spores, grey aerial mycelium with purple substrate mycelium, diffusible pH sensitive
pigments, melanin positive, mesophile, produces antibiotics active against Gram
positive bacteria but sensitive to some antibiotics, shows lipolytic, keratinolytic,
cellulolytic and chitinolytic activities, degrades some complex compounds. The isolate
of this group was identified as Streptomyces cinereopurpureus n.sp., Hussein and
Fahmy, 1986.
Comparative study of the fatty acid composition of the cell wall of the three groups
of the violet section revealed a high common content of the fatty acid C 7.
The blue Section
Group one. Subgroup (a) Isolates of this group produce spiral chains of smooth
spores, medium grey aerial mycelium, blue substrate mycelium on starch nitrate
agar, but crimson red on fish meal extract agar, pigments are pH sensitive, melanin
negative, mesophiles, produces antigram positive bacteria, sensitive to some antibiotics
, show lipolytic, keratinolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and chitiololytic activities, and
degrade some complex compounds. Isolates of this subgroup were identified as
Streptomyces rubrocyaneus n.sp., Hussein, 1964.
Subgroup (b) The isolate of this group produces spiral chains of smooth surfaced
spores, bluish grey aerial mycelium, deep blue substrate mycelium, diffusible pH
sensitive blue pigment, melanin negative , mesophiles, does not produce antibiotics,
sentsitive to some antibiotics, shows lipolytic, keratinolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic,
and chitinolytic activities and degrades some complex compounds. The isolate of this
group was identified as Streptomyces coelicolor, Muller, 1908.
Group two: Subgroup (a): The isolate of this subgroup produces spiral chains of
spiny spores, dark grey aerial mycelium , blue nondiffusible pH sensitive pigment,
melanin negative, mesophile, produces antiyeast as well as antibacterial (Gram
positive) antibiotics, sensitive to some antibiotics, shows lipolytic, keratinolytic,
cellulolytic and chitinolytic activities, degrades some comple compounds. The isolate of
this subgroup was identified as Streptomyces cinereocyaneus, n.sp- Hussein and
Shash, 1992.
Subgroup (b): The isolate of this subgroup produces spiral chains of spiny spores,
bluish grey aerial mycelium, diffusible blue pH sensitive pigments, melanin negative,
mesophile produces antibiotics active aginst yeasts and Gram positive bacteria,
sensitive to some antibiotics , shows lipolytic, keratinolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and
chitinolytic activities and degrades some comples compounds. The isolate of this group
was identified as Streptonyces caerulatus, Krassilnikov, 1965.
Group three :The isolate of this group produces spiral chains of hairy spores,
grey aerial mycelium, pH sensitive blue undiffusible pigments, melanin negative,
mesophile, produces antibiotics against yeasts and bacteria (Gram positive), sensitive
to some antibiotics, show lipolytic, keratinolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and
chitinolytic activities. Degrades some complex compounds. The isolate of this group
was identified as a new species to which the name Streptomyces cyanotrichosporus,
n.sp. ,Hussein and Shash 1992.
The comparative study of the fatty acid composition of the cell wall of the groups of
the blue section showed no common characteristics but on the contrary the fatty acid pattern
of cell wall is a species character but not in any wasy agroup character.
The Green Section
Group one: Isolates of this group produce spiral chains of smooth spores, greyish
green aerial mycelium, pale green substrate mycelium,nondifusible not pH sensitive green
pigments, melanin negative, mesophiles, do not produce antibiotics but sensitive to some
antibiotics, show llipolytic, keratinolytic, cellulolytic , pectinolytic and chitinolytic activities
and degrade some complex compounds. Isolates of this group were identified as
Streptomyces mutabilis, Gauze et al, 1957.
Group two:Isolates of this group produce spiral chains of hairy spores, grey
mycelium, olive green pigmented substrate mycelium, diffusible not pH sensitive deep blue
green pigments, mesophiles, melanin negative, produce antiGram positive bacterial
antibiotics, sensitive to some antibiotics, show lipolytic, keratinolytic, cellulolytic, and
chitinolytic activities and degrade some complex compounds. Isolates of this group were
identified as Streptomyces cyanoviridis, Hussein et al 1980.
The comparative study of the faty acids of the cell wall of representative isolates of
species of the green section did not show any common character for species of this section.
The fatty acid pattern of cell wall of these species is a species character.
The brown section
Qroup one: Isolates of this group produce spiral chains of smooth surface spores,
of the brown section revealed that it serves as a species character but not a section character.
mesophile, does not produce antibiotics but sensitive to some antibiotics, show lipolytic,
keratinolytic, celluloyltic, pectinolytic and chitinolytic activities, degrades some
somplex compounds. The isolate of this group was identified as Streptomyces rutilosis,
krassilinikov, 1970.
The yellow section
Group one :The representative isolate of this group produces spiral chains of
smooth surface spores, grey aerial mycelium, yellow substrate mycelium, diffusible
not pH sensitive pigments, melanin negative, mesophile, produces antibiotics active
against Gram negative bacteria,sensitive to some antibiotics, shows lipolytic,
keratinolytic, cellulolytic,pectionolytic and chitinolytic activities and degrades some
complex compounds. This isolate was identified as Streptomyces aureofaciens,
Duggar, 1949.
Group two:The representative isolate of this group produces spiral chains of warty
spores, grey aerial mycelium with brownish yellow substrate mycelium, nondiffusible
not pH sensitive pigment, melanin negative, mesophile, produces antibiotics active
against Gram positive bacteria, sensitive to some antibiotics, shows lypolytic,
keratinolytic, cellulolytic, pectinoltic and chitinolytic activities, degrades some complex
compounds. This isolate was identified as Streptomyces griseoplamus, Backus et al,
1957.
Group Three:The representative isolate of this group produces spiral chains of
spiny spores , grey aerial mycelium with light yellow substrate mycelim, diffusible not
pH sensitive yellow pigments, melanin negative, mesophile, produces antibiotics active
against Gram positive bacteria and yeasts, but sensitive to some antibiotics , shows
lipolyic , keratinolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and chitinolytic activities , degrades
some complex compounds. This isolate was identified as Streptomyces griseoflavus,
(krainsky), Waksman and Henrici,1948.
Group four: The isolate of this group produces spiral chains of hairy spores, grey
aerial mycelium with pale yellow substrate mycelium, nondiffuisble not pH sensitive
pigments, melanin negative, mesophile, produces antibiotics active against Gram
positive bacteria and yeast, but sensitive to some antibiotics, shows lipolytic,
keratinolytic, cellulolytic, pectinolytic and chitinolytic activities, degrades some
complex compounds~. This isolate was identified as Streptormyces flavelous ,
Waksman, 1919.
The comparative study of the fatty acid composition of the cell wall of the
representative isolates of species of the yellow section showed, that this character is an
individual species character and can not serve as a common character for species of
the yellow section .