الفهرس 
Physiology of the urets
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Abstract
drpractioe several me~ho~g for treatment of these stoneS are practised
opon surqica I treetmert , b1Lnd hJoskc ; manipulation,
transurethral uretet:clithatorny, and treatmenL or extraction
under vision by uretet:osr.ope.
The ureteroscope nowaday” considered the mose
prlotical method tor treatJ1lrt of lower ureteric stones,
there is nO serious complication to date from the ureteroscope.
The techniqu~ of ureter05COPY including preliminary
CY,$t05COPY to visualizp. ureteric ol:il:ice then dilatation
of the orific”, and i.nt.ramural ureter ·..Ising teflon
perforated dilator::; or h<llloon catheter or olive-ti!”
met~lic dilatorR. Cysto~CQpy don~ tD introduce guide
wire OJ:: ureteric {’’(IT.h(CtC’rin targeL ureter to help the
0re-rator and to be uS ~ safe gUid~ throught the rrocedure.
The nElxt e t ep i,,; visuali:zation of the stone Olrld
this is extrac~Ra by basket or grasping forceps if
the stone is lnrgt’” it may be di~int€g~ated using ultrasonic
probe or electrol)yrlraulic lithotripitor or Laae r
dhlintegrat!on ~ethod .At tJle end of ths procedu!’e IlTet:{”ric
stent is fixed t.o maintain d;rainagB of urine and helping
healing of minor te<Jn; whi<..:hmay regul t from mani.pu.Lat ions.
The standllrd ’:.eGhnique is performed ursde r control
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of image intensifying ~ystem.
In our WQrl< 3~ patients were treated from lower
ureter ic stones. Out of those pa t:i.~nts 25 pat lent 6 w€ re
treated using long rigid uretero6~Op~ without control
of im<l.ge· intensifying .system. The rest j patient were
treated by the same technique under control of image
inten~ifying 9ystem. Those patient6 were taken as a
control cases. All patients were examined clinically
and hlbQr<’ltory and radi.o] ogical examination wer”, don ••
pre-operatively.
The p r ocmdu r e INa” a 5tandard method :01’: >;l.:ll Case9
and variety of m~t:hods uf dilatation of the orifice were
done.
The rf’f:ults ”,·ere a a £cllol<.>. In the first qroup
of cases i n ~”3 ven pat ien L50 stones were retri”,ved
suoce ae f uTl.y am] in nine pi.’ltients the stone.s were
visualized during procp-dure but not retrieved in the.
<;.itting and oa s ae.d s~ontan”,ously within tw”,nt.y-four ·hour!’!>
In ’) f i V~ pat.Lerrt a S t one 0; nat retrieved and ope n
Llceteroli th(}t:omy was required. in four pOltients we· could
not insert the ureleroscope.
The complications
patients about 8 % and
4 % and pOBt-operaLiva
w~re, mild bleeding
l,Iret.hral injury in one
~rinary tract infection
in t.WD
patient
i n one.