الفهرس 
الفصل الاوليوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام
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المستخلص
In fact, the excessive mentalisitic psychoanalysis, its complications and techniques, as well as the time and effort required during therapy/ treatment process resulted in an extremely simple trend which marked the origin of the ”Modern behavioral therapy” whose roots historically date back to the works of Baflouf and Watson; based on the traditionalism of Dollard and Miller, which merely set behavioral terms for techniques of psychoanalysis and its interpretations. The above trend also had its way through the viogorous thrust of ”Welby”, modifications of Ayznek, Kalees Merisheser and others, and later flooding therapy of Marx and impulsive by Stamfel and lifes. In addition to shaping dealt whith by Skinner and this subject may go back to 1953 when he devoted an interest to shaping of the behavior concerning the chronically psychopathic individuals. (5, 1980)
Between the starting point and the ending one, there are many various techniques processded by ”Welby” through his reserved systematic desensitization based on reciprocally inhibited adverse factor in order to take after that all what you can imagin e of therapeutical/treatment means relaying on counter conditions, the extincation and positive reinforcement ....etc.
All the above factors rendered the modern behavioral therapy or behavioral modification a controversial issue in the therapeutic scientific spheres due to being widespread among the psytherapists, abundance of its vast popularity in this stage in view of seriousness and effectiveness of its techniques upon the different therapeutic/ treatment means. But, the fact that the bogoted supporters the above therapy gained made others subject it to serve criticism.
Since all these motives were competing considerably before the research-worker in order to get himself indentified with the feeling of those practising the profession of teaching; therefore, I got myself closely examining this matter with the intent of studying one of these
problems facing the pupils of the ”Easic educational stage”, 2nd phase; i.e. social phobia, with a view to reaching a scientific/applied solution to these phobias, as a humble contribution on my part dedicated to the
pupils of our dear Egypt.
Hence, stems the interest of the research worker in one of the techniques of the behavioral therapy through shaping in selecting the extent of their effectiveness as a treatment to any of the social phobias for the pupils of basic educational stage, 2nd phase.
As for technique of shaping, Watson sees that this technique is composed of 2 basis constituents : The Successive Approximation and Chaining :
-The successive Approximation process is approached to teach one single unit of behavior such as excretion, taking off shirt or
putting on troussers.
-The Chaining process is approached to connect several units of
behavior together as in the case of full dressing for example when the child puts on his underwears, troussers, shirts, socks and shoes in a continuous succession. (34, 1976, 33)
Therefore, techniques of shaping are new conducted on a large scale in schools and in dealing with the problems of child’s behavior for instance, if the teacher feels interested in forming the cooperative behavior versus the compatitive one in his pupils in the classroom; he can devote his attention and preference to the desired behavior.
Furthermore, these are the best behavioral techniqurs fit for training the mentally retarded children to acquire some simple social skills (Paterson, 1968) also dealing with the juvenile delinquents (Sarson. I., 1968), Moreover, the method of using movies depicting the social interaction was also used for purpose of improving social behavior of the socially isolated preschool children (O’Conner. R., 1969).
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This study is important because it is an attempt to get down to the applied aspect of psychotherapy and it is an applied focus to show extent of effectiveness of treatment through shaping in the treatment of phobian children as psychopaths suffering from psychological dysfunctions.
Thus, the objective of the research worker out of this study is as follows :
Indicating effectiveness of the shaping techniques in the treatment of some pupils-in the basic educational stage, 2nd phase, (12-15 years old) from the social phobia they suffer.
2) SETTING OUT TERMS a.Shaping Therapy:
The shaping is desirable behavior may be gradually produced by selectively reinforcing behavior that approximates it. b.Phobia; Social Phobias:
Is a morbid fear of confronting social situations. THis is measured by a sample of male and female pupils who failed in the social phobia
dignosis list.
c Pupils enrolled in the 2nd phase of basic educational stage. Pupils
admitted in the 2nd phase (1st, 2nd and 3rd grades) of ”Omar Ebn El Khattab School” in Aswan at the age of (12-15 years old)
3) HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY
The research hypothesizes/presumes the following :
a.There are statistical hypotheses between the experminetal and the controlling group which run in favour of the former upon practicing therapy/treatment on male pupils.
b.There are statistical differences between the experimental and the controlling group which run in favour of the former upon practicing therapy/treatment on female pupils.
c There are statistical differences between the experimental and the controlling group -in favour of the former group- in following up the experiment with the male pupils.
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d.There are statistical differences between the experimental and the cotrolling group -in favour of the experimental group- in following up the experiment with the female pupils.
e.There are statistical differences between the experimental group after following up and the controlling group after treatment on female in favor of experimental group after following up.
f.There are statistical differences between the experimental group after following up and the controlling group after treatment on mare in favor of experimental group after following up.
Z• There are statistical differences between the experimental group after treatment and the controlling group after following up on female in favor of experimental group after treatment.
h. There are statistical differences between the experimental group after treatment and the controlling group after following up on male in favor of experimental group after treatment.
4) THE PROCEDURES/TOOLS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING
a.Phobias list
By : Samia El Katan
b.Social Phobia diagnosis list
By : The Researcher
c.Personal interview list By : Salah Makhemar
d.A therapic program through shaping
By : The Researcher
5) SAMPLE AND TOOLS USED IN THE STUDY
A sample of male and female pupils, 2nd phase of the basic educational stage, Omar Ebn El Khattab preparatory co-school in Aswan covering those who strongly suffer from social phobia (40 male and female pupils, at the age of 12-15 years old).
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6- STEPS OF THE STUDY
-Conducting a survey of the types of phobias common among male and female pupils, 2nd phase basic educational stage followed by inference process for the phobians.
-Conducting the social phobia diagnostic list.
-Later, male and female pupils who strongly suffer from social phobia will be selected as individuals for the sample of the research.
-40 male and female pupils suffering strongly from the social phobia will be selected random and then be distributed to 4 groups as follows:-
-20 experimental groups ”20 male and female pupils, 10 male and 10
female”
-20 experimental groups ”20 male and female pupils, 10 male and 10
female”
-The research worker will then apply a shaping treatment program
individually with personal of the sample.
-The research worker will apply the social phobia diagnosis list after
3 months application of the treatment program on personal of the sample to measure continuity of the treatment effect. 7)LIMITS OF RESEARCH
Results of this study are determined in the light of the handled sample and also in the light of the treatment techniques and tests conducted in this study. 8)THE STATISTICAL METHOD APPLIED HERE
The suitable statistical technique is the method of analysing variance and in case there is a statistical indication, hence, the Tuckey Test could be used. RESULTS
The shaping techniques are successeded in treatment of the social phobia in the light of therapic program, tests and the statistical methods.