الفهرس 
AnatomyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Spinal block results in sympathetic block, sensory analgesia, and motor block depending on the dose, concentration, or volume of local anesthetic.Ropivacaine is an amino amide local anesthetic, it is similar to bupivacaine in properties but its toxicity is less , its clearance is higher and its elimination .half time is shorter than bupivacaine.The sensory block provided by ropivacaine in extradural’and peripheral nerve block is similar to that produced by an equivalent dose of bupivacaine.The motor block produced by ropivacaine is slower in onset, and shorter in duration than produced by bupivacaine .This profile of block known as sensory motor separation may be suitable for ambulatory surgery and analgesia during labour.Many studies have been performed using ropivacaine for local infiltration, epidural and peripheral nerve block. Animal study show that intrathecal ropivacaine has little effect on spinal cord blood flow andthat it produce similar sensory block to that of an equivalent dose of bupivacaine.In human being, intrathecal ropivacaine has been used in patients undergoing minor surgery, obstetric analgesia and anesthesia and in patient undergoing orthopedic surgery.The optimum dose regimen for intrathecal ropivacaine has not been determined, the small doses (2-8 mg) induce the same analgesic effect with week motor block when compared to bupivacaine 2.5 mg but the large doses(8-12 mg) induce sensory and motor block less than that of bupivacaine. Increasing the dose of ropivacaine increases the sensory and motor block.