الفهرس 
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases have been recognized as the most important medical problem of our era. Several studies were made aiming to the analysis of factors associated with the development of CVD. These factors are commonly known as CVD risk factors. Among the most important risk .factors are: disturbances in lipid metabolism, age, obesity, diabetes, smoking, family history, physical activity, hormonal factors and recently disturbances in trace metal metabolism. There has been a growing aware ness of the relationship between the quality of the environment and the incidence of disease. CVD have not been concerned with exposure to envir onmental toxins. However, increase in incidence of CVD has been reported in workers occupationally exposed to several pollutants especially CS2’ Pb and co. The present work has been carried out in a trial to find a relat ionship between exposure to these pollutants and the specific biochemical parameters related to CVD namely those concerned with lipid and trace metal metabolism. A total number of 240 male workers have been selected for this purpos~: 120 from the Misr Rayon Company where they are exposed to CS2 vapours, 96 from the Plastics and Battery Egyptian Company where they are exposed to Pb fumes and 24 from a Sand Bricks Manufacturing Factory where they are exposed to CO. Three comparison groups have been selected, one from each factory. The number of subjects to whom workers exposed to CS2’ Pb and CO were compared was 50, 44 and 12 respectively. Exposed workers have been divided into two groups according to their duration of exposure, workers exposed for 10 years or less and workers exposed for more than 10 years. The determination of the indices of exposure revealed that workers exposed to CS2 had higher values of 12 Azide in the after-shift urine, and workers exposed to Pb had higher levels of Pb in RBCs as well as higher excretion of ALA in urine. However, the levels of CO Hb among workers exposed to CO did not show positive results, probably due to the conflicting effect of smoking. Lipid metabolism was found to be affected . by exposure to CS2 and to a lesser extent by exposure to Pb. been demonstrated by the increased levels of LDL, Ch and TG and the This has decreased levels of HDL, HDL Ch and HDL Ph . CO exposure had a mild effect on lipid metabolism. It was also noted that some lipid parameters were more affected among workers exposed for a period of la years or less. Concerning the parameters of trace metal metabolism, exposure to CS2 enhanced the activity of both SOD and ALP; decreased levels of ceruloplasmin and SOD have been shown in workers exposed to Pb; while CO exposure had an inhibitory effect on SOD only in workers exposed for more than la years. Concerning the conflicting effect of smoking on CO exposure, it has beon found that the effect of smoking on some lipid parameters especially HDLCh was stronger than that of CO exposure. It has been concluded that exposure to CS2 increases the risk of developing CVD mainly throuqh disturbing lipid metabolism and Pb exposure, probably, through affecting trace metal meta bolism. No definite