الفهرس | Only 14 pages are availabe for public view |
Abstract GPS (Global Positioning System) has been established by the United States Department of Defense (U.S. - DoD) starting from 1978 to provide their troops a reliable and seamless means of navigation and timing. Early at that time: the surveying community - was the pioneer community among the civilian society to understand and develop more and more applications for the GPS system. This was completely normal as the surveying community has been involved for centuries before that time using natural celestial bodies like stars, planets and recently artificial satellites for mapping and position determination. GPS now plays an important rule in the surveying practice where a huge number of applications have been derived and more facilities for implementing the GPS system in the surveying practice are being added day after day. In many countries: different survey (including some of the very recent) practices using GPS has been formalized and organized in terms of the modem trends of quality management which specifies strictly: the end product, the equipment and procedures used to produce that product and the background of the personnel utilizing the specified equipment using pre-defined procedures to produce that end product with a given measures of reliability. Unfortunately this is not the case in many other countries where there is no public interest for formalizing such standards and specifications or agreement upon defined procedures for using GPS in different survey practice. And among those countries is: our country - Egypt But fortunately the academic community in Egypt is very alert and aware to all those trends and pushes hard in discussing this subject, collecting all information about it, analyzing it, and finally putting strategies and participating in formalizing those standards and specifications. This thesis is a modest effort which attempts to cover the GPS applications in surveying - especially recent ones, introducing the planning factors which should be discussed and verified for the use of GPS in those applications and finally introduces the recent concepts of quality control and the measures used now in judging the quality of product in GPS survey practice. |