الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Cairo specifically, and Egypt in general, is considered to be a unique city of minarets.According to rules of different periods in Islamic history the shape and size of minarets are different.With time the minarets are deformed slowly or sudden because of natural phenomena such as earthquakes. For different reasons it is very important to study the deformation of minarets and give an early alarm for any expected damage. This study concern of two main lines : Measuring the incliation as direction and magnitude, Structural defects.
The surveying procedure for measuring the inclination are done mathematically to be independent of measuring staions.As the deformation is changing with time, then periodical observations are required a large amount of data and analysis, a of these data is essential.Geographical information system GIS has to be applied in this case.Therefore explanation of GIS is given in chapter one.GIS, is a data base with graphical representation.Data base take data from different sources.One of these sources is digital maps with can be found in chapter one. Digital maps data depends on digitizing, geodetic and photogrammetric measurements...etc.In this case of minarets deformation the digital data are :
1-Geodetic itc measurements for minarets deformation periodically.
2-location of minarets on a cadestral map.
3- structural data for minarets. through data base program, analysis of deformation and other analysis were done.Special data program applying to topological procedure was designed for this case.The designed program include a graphical representation either surveying one or statical charts. using actual data for 94 minarets were used as an application of the program.Results and analysis are deminstred in this program.The analysis is also include the historical data as field reports in the program and use the statistical analysis.
Widely this software can be used for all minarets of egypt or generally for archaeology.Other historical files can be add to the data which the software gave this availability.Also files for architectural drawing of minarets are included in the ware of GIS program.