الفهرس 
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Abstract
The nervous system is composed of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS was considered as an immune privileged site, this doesn’t mean that it’s immune isolated. Immunological surveillance of the CNS does occur, and by mechanisms similar to those for other organs. The differences that exist are more quantitative than qualitative in nature. Cells of the immune system pass through the CNS, but in markedly lower numbers. Leukocytes of various types interact with the CNS endothelium, but the adhesion molecules required for interaction are fewer in type and abundance. Immunoglobulins diffuse in, but at far lower levels. The CNS environment is hostile to T lymphocytes, and the cytokine environment of the nervous system is decidedly antiinflammatory. Lymphatic drainage does occur, but anatomically distinct lymphatics are lacking and the immune response to antigens arriving in the lymphoid tissue from the CNS is tipped in favor of TH2 type responses. The PNS has also been considered as an immunologically privileged site, yet not as stringently as so the CNS.
Immune mediated disorders occur at all levels of the nervous system, affecting central nervous system and peripheral nervous system including peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction and muscles.
The immunopathogenesis of autoimmune neurological diseases may be cell-mediated as in : Multiple Sclerosis, Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Vasculitis affecting the nervous system and Vogt –Koyanagi-Harada Disease or it may be Antibody-mediated as in: Myasthenia gravis, Neuromyelitis optica and Neuropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathy or due to synergistic interaction of cell mediated and humoral immune responses as in: Multiple sclerosis, Paraneoplastic neurological diseases, Rasmussen encephalopathy, Human T lymphotropic virus associated neurological disorders, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropthy and Inflammatory myopathies.