الفهرس 
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Abstract
Concern continues about exposure to radio-frequency (RF) fields
from sources used for mobile telecommunications, radars, radio and
television broadcast, medical and industrial applications. Much of the
concern arises because new technologies are introduced without provision
of public information about their nature and their possible health
consequences.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of
electromagnetic field on chromosomal aberrations and mitotic index and
on the electrophoretic pattern of proteins in liver and brain tissues. In
addition, to evaluate the anticlastogenic effect of garlic (Tomex) in the
irradiated rats group.
In the present study eighty five female rats weighting 80-100 gm
were used. The rats were divided into four groups twenty rats each, in
addition to the control group with five rats.
The first groups were exposed to microwave radiation with 9875
MHz for 30, 45 and 60 days then 5 rats were left for 30 days away from
the exposure source as a recovery group.
The second groups were treated like the first groups in addition to
the daily administration 01’0.1 ml Tomex during the exposure.
The third groups were exposed to mobile phone radiation with 900
MHz for 14, 30 and 45 days, while 5 rats were kept away from the
radiation source for 30 days as recovery group.
Also the fourth groups were exposed to the same circumstances as
the third groups with the daily administration ofTomex.
First: The effect of the electromagnetic field on chromosomal
aberrations of bone marrow cells of rats which were exposed at
different time intervals.
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E”glish S”mmary
Structural aberration:
The highest percentage of chromosomal abnormalities observed in
the irradiated rats was deletions and gaps whi Ie the chromatid breaks,
centric fusion, centromeric attenuation, and ring were the lowest value of
aberrations, appeared.
There was a decline in the rate of mitotic index in rats exposed to
microwave and mobile phone radiation. Tomex exerted antimutagenic
potential against the effect of the radiation, it reduced the total
chromosomal aberrations and elevated the mitotic index.
• The exposure of rats to microwave or mobile phone radiation lead to
a significant increase in the chromosomal aberrations and this increase
was time dependant. After 30 days of post ex posure the aberrations
were reduced in the recovery group.
• Chromosomal aberrations were decreased 1n groups exposed to
microwave or mobile phone radiation with the daily administration of
Tomex in comparison to the exposed groups only.
• Chromosomal aberrations in recovery groups, which were kept away
from the radiation source for 30 days after exposure and were daily
administrated with Tomex, were significantly decreased, specially the
(mobile phone & Tomex) group.
Second: The effect of electromagnetic field on the proteinogram of
liver and brain tissues.
1- Microwave radiation groups:
• The number of protein bands in liver of rats exposed to microwave
radiation was increased in all irradiated groups at all intervals
comparing to the control. While in the recovery group, the number of
the bands was decreased in comparison with the irradiated groups but
still higher than the control.
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I::I.gli.,·1I Summar)’
• In liver of rats exposed to microwave radiation during the
administration of Tomex, protein fractions of 86, 26 kDa appeared in
the control and the recovery groups but disappeared at all the exposed
groups. In contrast the fraction of 25 kDa appeared in all exposed
groups but disappeared in the control and the recovery groups. In
comparison with the groups exposed to microwave radiation only,
there was a decline in the number of protein bands in all exposed
groups under the effect of Tomex.
• The analysis of proteins in brain or rats exposed to microwave
radiation showed a noticeable increase in the number of bands after 30
days of exposure while the number was decreased in the recovery
group. The protein fraction of 26 kDa appeared after 30 days of
exposure and remained stable to the recovery group.
• By the effect of Tornex, the fractions of 155, 67, and 50 kDa were
expressed in microwave & Tomex groups at all time intervals but down
regulated in the control and the recovery group. On the contrary protein
fraction of 30 kDa that expressed in both control and recovery groups
was down regulated in the brain of the exposed animals.
2- Mobile phone groups:
• Proteins bands or liver in rats exposed to mobile phone radiation
were increased in all exposure time comparing to the control. The
protein fraction of MW 86 kDa resists the mobile phone radiation,
since it was recorded in control, recovery and irradiated animals. In
addition, the protein fractions of70, 36, 33, 25 and 20 kDa appeared as
new bands in all exposed groups, but disappeared in the recovery
group.
• The data showed that in liver of rats exposed to mobile phone
radiation during the administration of Tomex, the 104, 55 kDa proteins
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English Summary
appeared in all exposed groups and disappeared in the control and the
recovery group. Also the polypeptide bands with molecular weight 34,
32 and 23 kDa were recorded in the control, recovery and all treated
groups as essential proteins.
• The present study showed a noticeable increased number of protein
bands in brain of rats after exposure to mobile phone radiation at all
time intervals, while the recovery group was decreased comparing to
the control. Both of the two proteins 37 and 25 kDa appeared in the
control and the recovery group but down-regulated in all exposed
groups. On the contrary, protein fraction of 77.5 kDa was expressed
only in the brain of exposed rats.
• Proteins of III kDa and from 50 to 55 kDa were clearly observed in
brain of rats exposed to mobile phone radiation during administration
of Tomex, but did not expressed in control and recovery groups. Other
protein fractions were expressed in the- exposed animals but also
persisted in the recovery group as 58, 46 and 34 kOa.
The results showed that the rate of appearance and disappearance of some
! bands was clear in rats exposed to electromagnetic field, and caused
inhibition of some fractions, which reflect the genetic damage due to
exposure to radiation.
In conclusion, the use of electric equipments must be in a limited
scope also precautions in using mobile phones shouId be done by using
hands-free sets and the antenna of the phone should not be in contact with
the user. Also it is increasingly clear that garlic is most likely a powerful
anticancer agent and inclusion of garlic in the diet should be considered
to be mandatory to maintain good health.