الفهرس 
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Abstract
In the present work, di-(tri-n-butyltin)
itaconate (TBTI) was prepared to .study its copolymerization
and terpolymerization reactions with alkyl
acrylates and methacrylates, styrene, acrylonitrile
and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone.
Copolymerization reactions of TBTI with methyl
acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA) , n-butyl
acrylate (BA), 2-chloroethyl acrylate (CLEA), methyl
methacrylate (MMA), allyl methacrylate (AHA), acrylonitrile
(AN), styrene (ST) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
(NVP) were studied and the copolymer composition
of each sample was calculated from tin analysis.
The monomer reactivity ratios for the systems studied
were determined according to the Fineman-Ross and
Kelen-Tudos methods, as illustrated in the following
Table:
System Fineman-Ross method ICe1en- Tudas method
TBTI-MA ~- 0.419+0.052 0.592+0.027 0.387+0.019 0.671+0.022
TBTI-EA 0.422+0.053 0.901+0.034 0.555+0.018 0.958+0.021
\-
TBTI-BA 0.422+0.065 0.910+0.047 0.521+0.022 0.957+0.027
TBTI-CLEA 0.391+0.021 0.683+0.012 0.391+0.011 0.684+0.013
TBTI-tI4A 0.230+0.098 1.578+0.100 0.182+0.083 1.553+0.054
TBTI-AMA 0.038+0.087 1.075+0.092 0.068+0.006 1’.052+0.049
TBTI-AN 0.558+0.089 0.471+0.048 0.441+0.054 0.425+0.039
TBTI-ST 0.115+0.042 0.652+0.029 0.156+0.035 0.645+0.022
TBTI-NVP 0.050+0.017 0.197+0.020 0.033+0.013 0.185+0.043
Copolymerization reactions of TBTI with methyl
acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl
acrylate, acrylonitrile, styrene and N-vinyl-2-
pyrrolidinone was found to give azeotropic copolymers
at 0! 35, 0•09, 0.08, 0~34, 0•51, 0.30 and 0.46 mo 1e
fract~on, respectively, while the studied copolymerization
reactions of TBTI with methyl methacrylate
and allyl methacrylate gave no azeotropi,c copolymers.
Also, the copolymerization parameters for TBTI-ST
and TBTI-MMA systems were determined from lH-NMR
spectroscopy. The monomer reac~ivity ratio values
obtained in each case were formed to be rl = 0.228,
r2 = 0.677 and rl = 0.~20, r2 = 1.635 Which are in
agreement with those obtained from tin analysis.
The sequence distribution of the triad fractions
of each system were calculated from reactivity ratios
and compared with those obtained from IH-NMR data.
Azeotropy in binary and ternary copolymerization
reactions of di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate with acrylic
acid esters, t styrene and acrylonitrile was investigated.
Thus, the azeotropic composition of the binary
systems TBTI-MA, TBTI-EA, TBTI-BA, TBTI-ST and TBTI-AN
Fl = 35, 9, 8, 30 and 51 Mol’, respectively) were
polymerized to several degrees coverLnq a wide range
of conversions and it indicates that for each system
the copolymer composition remains constant up to
high conversions.
Four terpolymer systems were prepared by reaction
of TBTI with AN and each of MA, EA, BA or ST. A computer
program based on the terpolymer-composition equation
was used to facilitate the calculations of the
ternary monomer-polymer composition relationship
and to stu~y the unitary, binary and ternary azeotropies
of the various systems. Also, I.pseudo-azeotropic”
regions were identified where the deviation
between monomer and polymer compositions is very
small. Ternary azeotropic compositions for TBTI-MA-AN
and TBTI-EA-AN systems were found to be 37: 48:
15 and 9: 80: 11 molt, respectively.
The azeotropic terpolymer compositions were
polymerized to several conversions covering a wide
range. The experimental results for the azeotropic
terpolymer compositions were in good agreement with
the theoretical values. Also, selective feed compositions
correspopding to unitary and binary azeotropy
for each terpolymer system were polymerized to low
conversions. The experimental t.er poLyme.r compositions
agreed well with the predicted values which indicate
the correctness of the determined monomer reactivity
ratio values. It was concluded that the free redical
terpolymerization reactions of the systems studied
followed the classical copolymerization theory.
The structure of the prepared co- and terpolymers
was investigated by l.R. spectroscopy.