الفهرس 
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Abstract
Propoxur is a carbamate insecticide used for household control of Hies,
ants, aphids, mosquitoes, cockroaches and millipedes. Despite the increasing
lise of propoxur in Eb’YPt, there is no complete information on the toxicity of
this insecticide in birds. Therefore, the present study was carried out to
investigate the acute oral LDso of propoxur to pigeons and the physiological
changes in sonic blood parameters of the rock pigeon, colutnba livia dotucstica
which may be arise due to the toxicity of a single oral dose (112 LDso) or a
repeated oral dose (1/10 LD so) of carbamate insecticide propoxur .
The parameters chosen for the present study were blood indices
(Ieucocytes count, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, MCV,
MCH, and MCHC), the respiratory function of blood (blood gases, acid-base
status and oxygen equilibrium curve), some serum metabolites (glucose, total
proteins, albumin ( A) , globulins ( G ), A/G ratio, total lipids, triglycerides,
cholesterol, urea, uric acid, and creatinine), some enzymes (a spartate
aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase), and some serum electrolytes
(sodium, potassium, and chloride ions). The study includes two parts: -
1- The first part concerning the determination of the median lethal dose
(LDso) value of propoxur at 24 hrs. and changes in the studied
parameters due to administration of a single oral dose (1/2 LDso) of
propoxur.
2- The second concerning the effect of administration of a repeated oral
dose (1/10 LDso) ofpropoxur on such parameters.
The data obtained in the present study can be summarized as
follows:-
I-Median lethal dose (LDso) value ofpropoxur at 24 hrs, was found
to be 38.83 mg/kg body weight with a confidence limits (32.52 - 46.35
mg/kg body weight) .
II - Effect of administration of a single oral dose (1/2 LDsu) of propoxur on :-
A-Blood indices :-
1- Propoxur increased the number of leucocytes, haematocrit value and mean ccll
VOIIlIllC, hilt decreased the number of erythrocytes and haemoglobin Icvcl alter
all experimental periods, compared with control pigeons.
2-The mean cell haemoglobin and the mean cellular haemoglobin concentration
were found to be un-affected significantly.
B - Respiratory functions of blood :-
1- There were significant decreases in arterial and venous blood oxygen partial
pressures, percentages of oxygen saturation and alveolar oxygen partial
pressure after all experimental periods .
2- Significant elevation were recorded in arterial and venous blood carbon dioxide
partial pressures, alveolar- arterial oxygen partial pressure difference,
percentage of venous admixture (% shunt), and the percentage arterio - venous
difference of percentage oxygen saturation, oxygen partial pressure and
carbon dioxide partial pressures after all experimental periods.
3- The arterial and venous blood pH, calculated HC03’/u PCOl ratios, and the
percentage arterio-venous differences of base excess were significantly
decreased after all experimental periods .
4- Significant reductions in arterial blood HC03’, TCOl and BE and venous blood
HCOl’, TCOl and calculated HCOl’/n PCOl ratio after 3, 6 and ·12 hrs. of
treatment.
5- There were significant decreases in venous blood BE and percentage arteriovenous
difference of HC03- after 3 hrs, and in venous BE and percentage
arterio-venous difference of TC02 after 6 hrs. of treatment.
6- Significant elevations were recorded in arterial and venous calculated buffer
value (logPC02/ pH) and percentage arterio-venous difference of pH after all
experimental periods and percentage arterio- venous difference of calculated
buffer value (logPC02/ pH) after 3 and 6 hrs . and HC01- and TC02 after 24
hrs. of treatment.
7- The blood oxygen affinity decreased (i.e. Pso increased) and the blood oxygen
equilibrium curves shilled to the right in most of the experimental periods.
8- IIill’s constant (n value in Hill’s equation) were found to be increases after all
experimental periods.
C-Some metabolites and enzymes :-
1- Significant elevations were recorded liner 3 hI’S. in serum AST activity
cholesterol, K+and CI -, after 6 Ius. in serum AST activity, cholesterol, A/G
ratio and uric acid ,after 12 hrs. in serum glucose, A/G ratio, and AST, and
after 24 hrs. in serum glucose, triglycerides and AST.
2- Significant reductions were recorded after 3 hrs. in serum urea, total lipids,
ALT activity and Na+; after 6lrrs. in serum total proteins, globulins, urea,
total lipids, ALT activity, and Na+after 12 hrs. in senun total proteins,
globulins,urea, total lipids, ALT activity, and Na+; after 241rrs. in serum urea,
ALT activity and Na+.
111-Effect of a repeated oral dose (1/1OLDso) of propoxur : -
A-Blood indices as follows :-
1- Leucocytes count was significantly increased after 3,6 and 9 doses of
treatment.
2-Recorded significant reductions after 3, 6 and 9 doses as follows
a. After 3 doses: in haemoglobin content, haematocrit value, mean cell
volume and mean cellular haemoglobin,
b. After 6 doses: in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin content, haematocrite,
mean cell volume and mean cellular haemoglobin.
c. After 9 doses: erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content and
haematocrite.
B-Respiratory functions of blood:-
1- There were significant decreases in arterial and venous blood oxygen partial
pressure and percentage oxygen saturation after administration of all doses
.and in alveolar oxygen partial pressure after 3 doses and in percentage
arterio-venous difference of carbon dioxide partial pressure after 6 doses
of treatment..
2·Significant elevations were recorded in arterial blood carbon dioxide partial
pressure after 3 doses, in venous blood carbon dioxide partial pressure, and
in % shunt and percentage arterio- venous difference of percentage oxygen
suturution
after 3,6 and 9 doses.
3-Significant elevations in alveolar - arterial difference of oxygen partial
pressure after 3 and 6 doses in percentage arterio- venous difference of
oxygen partial pressure, after 6 and 9 doses, and in carbon dioxide partial
pressure after 3 doses of treatment.
4- Significant decreases were recorded in arterial blood pH, HC03’, TC02, BE, and
calculated HC03’/a PC02 and venous blood pH, calculated HC03’/a PC02 and
percentage arterio-venous difference BE after 3, 6 and 9 doses.
5- Also, significant decreases after 3 doses in venous blood HC03’, Te02 , percentage
arterio-venous difference of pH and calculated (HC03 ’t« PC02) .After 6 doses
significant decrease were recorded in venous blood BE , percentage arteriovenous
difference of HC03 ’ & TC02 and calculated buffer value (log
PC02/pH).also significant decreases were recorded after 9 doses in venous HC03’
and TCOl , in percentage arterio- venous difference of IICU] & TCU2 and in
calculated HCO] - / a PCO 2 .
6- The blood oxygen affinity decreased (i.e. P50 increased) and the blood oxygen
equilibrium curves shifted to the right in most of the experimental periods.
7- Hill’s constant (n value in Hill’s equation) were found to be increases after all
experimental periods.
c- Some metabolities and enzymes: -
1- In the present study, significant increases were recorded after 3,6 and 9 doses
of treatment as follows: -
a- After 3 doses in serum, glucose, total proteins, albumin, globulins, urea,
ALT, AST activities and Na+ .
b- After 6 doses in serum glucose, total proteins, albumin, globulins, urea, uric
acid, triglycerides, ALT, AST activities, Na+ and K+.
c- After 9 doses in serum glucose, total proteins, albumin, globulins, urea, uric
acid, cholesterol, ALT, and Na+.
2- Significant decreases were recorded in senun Cl - after 3.6 and 9 doses and
in senun AlG ratio after 9 doses of treatment, but, non- significant after 3
doses in serum AlG ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, K+and after 6
doses in senun AlG ratio and total lipids and after 9 doses in serum
triglycerides and AST activity.