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Abstract
Spinal cord injuries are one of the most severe froms of debilitation known to humanity. Their effect varies from different forms of paralysis including paraplegia and quadriplegia to immediate death of the patient. S.C.I. occurs at a rate of 30 to 40 per million population per year resulting in approximately 10,000 new cases each year so it’s considered a major medical problem world wide and realistic goals of functional repair have only recently bean acknowledged. Cellular transplantation especially stem cell transplantation is considered one of the golden and vital strategies, for that huge problem.
Stem cells have the ability to self replicate for indefinite periods often throughout the life of the organism. Under appropriate conditions or given signals, stem cells can originate different cell types through a symmetric cell division.
Stem cells are characterized by two features: first, the ability to self-renewal and second, they must have the capacity to differentiate into many cell lines (multilineage differentiation) ranging from the totipotency, pluripotency, to the multipotentiality and lastly to the unipotentiality.
There are multiple different types of stem cells within the human body.