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Abstract
Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder worldwide and there has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity over the past ten years to reach epidemic proportions. The exact cause of this epidemic has not been determined, but more hectic lifestyles, with reduced time for exercise and increased caloric intake, have been identified as potential factors. These factors have been helped to develop by the various environmental factors and technology improvements that have provided us with labor saving devices. The health consequences of obesity include some of the most common chronic diseases in our society. Obesity is an independent risk factor for heart disease, the most common killer disease in many countries. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension and stroke, hyperlipidemia,osteoarthritis,and are all more common in obese individuals. Weight loss of only 10 percent can be associated with marked reductions in the risk of these chronic diseases. The waist hip ratio is widely viewed as a simple but effective measure for assessing obesity-related health risks, This study is a comparative cross sectional study carried out on a sample of 360 middle aged females attending outpatient clinics in Zagazig University Hospitals concerned with determination of the impact of the pattern of body fat distribution on obesity related health hazards. The tools which were used to collect data, a questionnaire to collect personal, socio-demographic data, family history, dietary data and medical history. We measured skin-fold thickness in mm, weight in kilograms, height in meters, waist circumference and hip circumferences then we calculate body mass index and waist hip ratio. After analysis of the data we found1-By using body mass index for obesity grading we found that 57.2% of the sample are of grade I, 32.1% are of grade II and 10.1% are of grade III obesity. While by using WHR obesity is classified into central obesity 58.6% of the sample and peripheral obesity 41.4%.2-As regards socio-demographic characteristics :We found that age is an important risk factor for increase in total and central body fat distribution reflected by the increase in BMI and WHR with the increase in the age, Central obesity was found to be more at low educational level, non working group, married, more with those with positive family history and also in those with history of childhood obesity. pattern of body fat distribution was not affected by number of pregnancies, number of meals/day, exercise practice nor with history of diet. ifferent obesity grades by (BMI) not affected by educational level, work, marital status, number of the children nor with positive family history of obesity. But it is affected by positive history of childhood obesity and there is significant association between BMI and history of childhood obesity with ( p = 0.000). 3-As regard association between pattern of body fat distribution and chronic diseases our study shows that: diabetes, hypertension ischemic heart disease, infertility and gallbladder disease is more in those with central obesity. from the above we can conclude that there is significant association between the pattern of body fat distribution and obesity related health hazards which can be determined by using the WHR and the amount of the body fat and its accumulation in the central part of the body is more among lower social class. from the previous finding we recommend the following: Importance of the use of WHR as a screening tool . Importance of implementing a program for lifestyle. modification with emphasis on the importance of physical activity and following dietary guidelines. Environmental approach for making healthier choices easier choices.