الفهرس 
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Abstract
Bone grafts are bones that are transplanted from one area of the skeleton to another to augment bone healing and provide stability after orthopaedic surgery. (1)
Autograft (formerly called homograft) refers to bone taken from one anatomic site and transplanted to another site in the same individual. As this transfer contains live osteocytes, autograft is considered the most osteogenic material. Allograft (formerly termed heterograft) refers to bone transplanted from one member of a species to another and is both osteoinductive and osteoconductive, but to a lesser degree than autograft. (2)
Bone graft alternatives were reviewed to their efficacy in extending or replacing bone graft sources in orthopaedic surgery such as demineralized bone matrix, ceramics and synthetic implants. (1)
Demineralized Bone Matrix (DMB) represent an extreme form of allograft processing and is prepared by decalcification (acid extraction) of cortical bone to leave collagen, non collagenous proteins and growth factors in continuity as a composite. Ceramics comprise another large family of bone graft alternatives and there are several types of ceramic implants available. (2)