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Abstract
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Cotton is the main cash crop in Egypt, Egyptian cotton is of the best long stable varieties with its economic and technical advantages. Besides, the extra-long and extra-fine recently introduced to cotton cultivars had an excellent economic demand with the maximum prices world wide. Cotton plant has green, succulent leaves many large open flowers, nectarines on every leaf and flower, a large number of green bolls. All these characters are variable for various insects attracted to cotton plants in various stages of growth, the most dangerous of these pests are bollworms, P. gossypiella and E. insulana which result in about 20% of cotton seed yield in Egypt.
Therefore, it is necessary to find out more than an IPM regime effective enough in reducing infestation by bollworms in both organic and conventional cotton to reach the highest efficacy in controlling bollworms and minimizing losses resulting from bollworm infestation, at the same time are efficient enough against cotton leafworm and sucking piercing insects and also enhancing the role of beneficial in reducing populations of cotton insects.
In order to achieve this purpose, field experiments were conducted at the Research Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria Univ., during cotton growing seasons of 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of 4 IPM organic regimes [Naturalytes, Biocides, Botanicals and releasing a parasitoid of Trichogramma spp.] and 6 IPM regimes in conventional Cotton [O.P., oxime carbamate, S. pyrethroids, a naturalyte, Spinosad and their mixtures with safe materials at half a rate of each compound] on bollworms as target pests and on CLW and sucking pests as non-target insects. Also, the effect of foliar treatments, Greenzit, Ascorbic acid and salicylic acid and deflowering at the flowering stage on the populations of these insects on early and late organic and conventional Grown cotton at higher plant density (60 cm apart between rows, 20 cm a part between tulles) except for Prog. 4 in organic cotton and Prog. 11 in conventional Cotton which their plants were grown at lower plant density (70 cm apart between rows and 25 cm apart between hills) and had the same treatments of Prog. 3 and 10, respectively.
1. Effect of foliar treatments and deflowering applied at the beginning of flowering stage on the infestation levels by PBW in 2004 and 2005 cotton seasons.
The most abundance of PBW was detected in the last week of July and the first week of August. Earlier grown cotton gave significantly lower infestation levels by PBW in both organic and conventional Cotton. All IPM regimes of organic and conventional cotton. All IPM regimes of organic and conventional cotton reduced significantly the infestation by PBW than the untreated check in both early and late, organic and conventional cotton.
The average percentage of reduction of PBW in both seasons 2004 and 2005 during flowering period in organic cotton was highest (50.4) in Prog. 4 which its plants were grown at lower plant density and treated with (1/2 g/l of each Ascorbic and Salicylic acid),