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Abstract
SUMMARY
The present investigation covers a survey of the scale insects and mealy bugs attacking ten species of deciduous fruit trees growing in three localities in Alexandria district, as well as bioecology and dynamical fluctuations of three scales and their natural enemies on pear trees. The study also course evaluation of some local mineral oils on two important armored scale insects infest pear trees. The three localities were Merghem, Burg El-Arab and El-Nahda under both of rain-fed and irrigation systems. The chosen deciduous fruit trees to study were as follows:
1. Common fig, Ficus carica L. (Moraceae) at Burg el-Arab under irrigation and Merghem under rain-fed.
2. White mulberry, Morus alba L. (Moraceae) at El-Nahda under irrigation system.
3. Pomegranate, Punica grantum L. (Punicaceae) at Burg el-Arab and El-Nahda as irrigated farm system.
4. Apple, Malus domestica Borkh (Rosaceae) in Burg El-Arab under irrigation.
5. Pears, Pyrus communis L. (Rosaceae) at Burg el-Arab under irrigation.
6. Apricot, Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae) at Burg el-Arab and El-Nahda under irrigation.
7. European plum, Prunus domestica L. (Rosaceae) under irrigation at Burg el-Arab.
8. Peach, Prunus persica (L.) Balsch (Rosaceae) at Burg el-Arab under irrigation system.
9. Almond, Prunus amygdlus L. (Rosaceae) at Burg el-Arab area under irrigation.
10. Persimmons, Diospyros kaki (Ebenaceae) at Burg el-Arab area under irrigation.
The exhibited data asserted that a total of twenty scale insects and mealy bug species following fifteen genera belonging to six families of super family Coccoidea infesting ten deciduous fruit trees were collected and identified during the period of study from January till December, 2004. The collected scale insect and mealy bug species could be listed taxonomically as follows:
a. Family: Asterolecaniidae
1. The fig scale, Russellaspis pustulans (Cockerell) on fig trees at Burg el-Arab during Winter and Spring months and at El-Nahda from February till October.
B. Family Cerococcidae
2. The ornate pit olive scale, Pollinia pollini (Costa) on fig trees at Merghem during late Spring and Summer months, at El-Nahda and Burg el-Arab on almond trees from February to May and from August to October and on mulberry trees from February to April and a long all Autumn months.
C. Family : Coccidae
3. Citrus wax scale, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock. It observed at El-Nahda area on mulberry trees during February to April and August to October.
4. The fig wax scale, Ceroplastes rusci (Linnaeus).