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Abstract
In accordance with the treaty of 1959 Nile water agreement between Egypt and Sudan; Egypt’s present annual share downstream Aswan Dam is 55.5 billion m . This discharge constitutes more than 95% of Egyptian total water supplies. Egypt has no effective rainfall, except in a narrow strip along the northern coastal area, which is about 140 mm recorded annually. There are many watersheds located in this relatively narrow strip. These watersheds are flooding as a consequent of thunderstorms. Unfortunately, these water resources are not used properly, and most of this water is lost by evaporation and runoff towards the Mediterranean Sea. Wadi Naghamish was selected as a case study which represents one of218 wadis in the NWCZ.
The main objective of this thesis is to develop an integrated watershed management in the north western coastal zone of Egypt, which is suffering from chronic water shortage and poor management of water supply systems to improve the livelihoods of rural people and to achieve higher sustainable development in the intended region. Rainfall-runoff models are extensively used to support flood and water resource design and management. To achieve this objective, a numerical model is developed using Tank model, which is one of the hydrological models for analyzing the characteristics of watershed. The genetic algorithm has been used as an optimization tool to estimate tank model parameters in a calibration scenario. The results obtained from the tank model for a subbasin, in the wadi, are in good agreement with the observed data. The Watershed Modeling System has been applied to study the hydrologicat conditions and flow simulation of the studied area. It is demonstrates that the WMS model has a good match with derived empirical relations in terms of overall discharge rates. Based on the model results, capacity and locations of runoff water harvesting structures are recommended. It is recommended to use tank model and WMS program to predict and manage the water resources along the NWCZ.