الفهرس 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Historical aspectsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study included the importance of central venous pressure monitoring in special surgical cases as major surgical operations, shocked patients, operations in which massive transfusions are required, pediaterie surgery and open heart surgery.
Central venous pressure monitoring during anaesthesia, is essential because it reflects the dynamic between the effective circulating blood volume and the competency of the heart i.e. the pressure inside the right auricle.
It facilitates the early diagnosis or abnormal circulatory state and its importance to control the rate and amount of infusions. This study also explained the different methods of central venous pressure monitoring, the advantages and disadvantages of each method, its importance and its complications and how to treat and avoid these complications.