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Abstract
SUMMARY
The aim of this experiments were to study: 1- the positive effect of some soil beneficial microorganisms under different levels of mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on growth, yield and quality content of black cumin and fenugreek seed in calcareous soil. 2- The suitable quantity of NPK mineral fertilizers for the two hosts in the presence of microorganisms (endomycorrhizal fungi, symbiotic and non-symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria and biological potassium fertilizer). 3- The interaction between these soil microorganisms under different levels of mineral NPK fertilizers in order to decrease the using of mineral fertilizers and the chemical pollution.
Two field experiments were carried out during winter seasons 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 under calcareous soil conditions at the Farm of Nubaria Agricultural Research Station. The field experiments were arranged statistically in split-plot design in a randomized complete blocks with four replicates. Biofertilizer treatments were used as main plots, while mineral fertilizer levels were used as sub-plots. Biofertilizer treatments were; uninoculated (control), inoculated with Rhizobium meliloti on fenugreek and Halex on black cumin seeds, Glomus etunicatum, Bacillus circulans and their combination for two seasons.
Five mineral fertilizer levels were used as Zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose of N, P, and K and their mixture for both cultivars. Nitrogen fertilizer was used as ammonium nitrate (33.5% N), phosphorus fertilizer as mono calcium phosphate (15.5% P2O5) and potassium fertilizer as potassium sulphate (48% K2O).
Data were recorded for the infected root length %, Number of branches/plant, dry weight g/plant, 1000-seed weight (g) and yield (kg/fed.) for both plants. Also, the number and weight of capsules/plant and the percentage of fixed and volatile oils in black cumin seed.
The number of nodules/plant, the number and weight of pods/plant and the percentage of protein in fenugreek were recorded.
1. Black cumin seed
The effect of biofertilizers (Halex, Glomus etunicatum, Bacillus circulans and their combinations) on:
a. Root mycorrhizal infection:
The percentage of root mycorrhizal infection was significantly increased by inoculation with Glomus etunicatum alone or in mixture as compared to uninoculated plants at 75% of the recommended dose of P-fertilizer or NPK mixture.
b. Growth attributes:
The inoculation with Halex at 75% of the recommended dose of N-fertilizer led to significant increase the seed yield (kg/fed) about 3.34, 3.15% compared to uninoculated