الفهرس 
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Abstract
Calcium antagonists are considered now as an important group of drugs of different characters and they play an important role in therapeutics. They have been proved to be of high potency in the treatment of many cardiovascular diseases and other disorders. Verapamil which is considered as a prototype of such a group is used in iachaemic heart diseases, angina pectoris, different types of arrythmias especially those of oupraventricular origin. Verapamil and other calcium antagonists, e.g. Nifedipine, D600, Diltiazem and perhexiline are proved to be valuable agents in cases of hypertension ”acute or chronic”, migraine, headache, spastic conditions as spastic colon and bronchial asthma. Almost all members of the group possess very low toxicity, e.g. for verapamil, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headache and bundle branch block which is the most serious complication and should be taken in consideration especially when high dosage of the drug is used .
Verapamil through its calcium antagonistic property would have still many other pharmacological effects which may be of clinical interest. Calcium is an important ion involved in many physiological functions, for instance