الفهرس 
Anatomical consideration
Materials and methodsOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Peri-operative pain is a potent trigger for the stress response activating, the autonomic nervous system.
Caudal analgesia is a relatively simple technique with a predictable level of blockade and can used in surgery for lower abdominal, urological and lower limb operations.
Clonidine does not produce signs of motor blockade.
However, it decreases the arterial blood pressure and heart rate and this effect is decreased by epidural injection.
The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy of caudally administered clonidine when added to local anaesthetics.
This work was carried out in Menofiya University hospital on fourty adult patient scheduled for haemorrhoidectomy operation performed by the same surgeon.
The patients were categorized into two equal groups’.
Clonidine group (Group C): -
The patients received caudal analgesia using a mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine (7ml), 2% Lidocaine (7ml), epinephrine 5 ug/ml and clonidine 75ug.
Local anaesthetic group (Group L): -
The patients received caudal analgesia using a mixture of 0.5% bupivacaine(7ml), 2% Lidocaine (7ml), and epinephrine 5 ug/ml