الفهرس 
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Abstract
The demand of using the underground space for transportation and
commercial purposes has increased in the last two decades due to the
congestion of central urban areas of large cities. Recently, many tunnels were
constructed in the Greater Cairo for various purposes as subway system and
sewer networks. Also to overcome the traffic problems at major intersections,
which lead to losing of thousands of working hours and energy. Several
underground car parks and shopping malls are planned. The main challenge
facing the construction of such type of projects is the safety of the nearby
structures and existing utilities. Construction of underground structures affect
the stress and strain fields within the soil under the surrounding structures and
may cause some ground deformations.
In this research, the ground surface subsidence associated with the
construction of subway stations was analyzed using two approaches. The first
method used was the numerical analysis utilizing the finite element technique.
Advanced constitutive model, updating the nonlinear stress-strain soil behavior
taking into consideration both the pre and post failure, was used to simulate the
construction process of Rod El-Farag subway station as a part of the Greater
Cairo Metro Transit Network. The numerical analysis adapted the different The demand of using the underground space for transportation and
commercial purposes has increased in the last two decades due to the
congestion of central urban areas of large cities. Recently, many tunnels were
constructed in the Greater Cairo for various purposes as subway system and
sewer networks. Also to overcome the traffic problems at major intersections,
which lead to losing of thousands of working hours and energy. Several
underground car parks and shopping malls are planned. The main challenge
facing the construction of such type of projects is the safety of the nearby
structures and existing utilities. Construction of underground structures affect
the stress and strain fields within the soil under the surrounding structures and
may cause some ground deformations.
In this research, the ground surface subsidence associated with the
construction of subway stations was analyzed using two approaches. The first
method used was the numerical analysis utilizing the finite element technique.
Advanced constitutive model, updating the nonlinear stress-strain soil behavior
taking into consideration both the pre and post failure, was used to simulate the
construction process of Rod El-Farag subway station as a part of the Greater
Cairo Metro Transit Network. The numerical analysis adapted the different