الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Steel-concrete composite box girder bridges have a flexible open box section
pnor to the placement of the slab. Excessive twist or distortion can arise under
construction loading. Bracing systems are usually installed within the girder during
construction to increase the torsional and distortional stiffness of the open section.
Therefore, the influence of these bracing systems on open box girder behaviour will be
discussed.
The analysis of single cell box girder is presented using the torsion-bending
analysis. A rigid cross section, neglecting any distortional effect, is assumed. The
longitudinal stresses arising from both bending and warping moments are computed.
Also, a finite element model is presented to analyze the single cell box girder and the
different bracing systems. By comparison of the results from the torsion-bending analysis
with those from the finite element program, the effectiveness of the different bracing
systems in preventing distortion can be found.
The proposed finite element model has been verified by comparing its results with
experimental results of previous work. These results showed a good agreement with the
experimental results.
A parametric study is carried out to illustrate the effect of different cross
sectional shapes of box girders on the distortion of the cross section. The behaviour of
composite box girder bridges, after construction of the reinforced concrete slab, under
working loads is studied. The purpose of this study is to show the effect of these bracing
systems on the total strength of the cross section.