الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
It is certain that, without water there would be no life of any kind on the earth and that, without water readily a vailable in adequate and free of pathogenic organisms, man’s progress could be tremendously handered. The supply system in El-Mehalla El Kobra represent a typical example of rural water supply which may include: -extension of the existing water treatment system of a large city to cover the nearly rural communities or installation of a seperate small system for a group of villages(surface or ground). The aim of this study is: to evaluate the quality of drinking water in public standposts provided through two different sources of supply (surface water with treatment works and underground water abstraction and distribution).-To relate the prevalence of water borne diseases obtained from records of rural centers.The water samples of this study had taken from two main sources over one year(october 1989 to september1990)to cover seasonal variation.i. Public standposts, representing the terminal and from surface water with water treatment works from Kaissaria Betena, Mahlet Abo Ali, Meat Ellith, and Diarb Hashim village.ii Public Standposts, derived from underground water abstraction and distribution from bolkena, Elalwi, Shobra Malakan, Meniat Shentena Aiash and Abo Wafi village .The samples from each source were subjected to physicochemical and bacteriological analysis of water. Sanitary survey had been done determining the possible sources of pollution which may affect the water quailty of the terminal ends of the distribution system. In the mean times, the health records of the rural health centers in the study area had been studies over three years.There were significant differences between the two systems in concentration of suiphate, alkalinity, chloride, ammonia, conductivity, turbidity and temperature.-This was attributed to the differences in the quality of water sources. Meanwhile, there were a significant difference between sites through seasons in the concentration of calcium, magnesium and total hardness and sulphates in the two systems. This may be due to deterioration occured during transportion of water through the pipe lines and the different distance of sites from the source. -All chemical constituents in both systems were within the standard limits except TDS in well No. 2 in station 2 at at Abo Ali which had been closed after advise. -Chlorides concentration increased in Shobra Malakan (ground water) taps than that at the source and this may be regarded as indication of pollution through back-syphonage. -Sulphates decrease in El-Mehella (surface water) taps and increased in Shobra Malakan taps than that at the sources . This was attributed to the presence of suphur oxidising bacteria in Shobra Malakan system. Throughout the year 47.5 and 32.5 of El-Mehella samples contained coliform and faecal coliform respectively, while it was 32.5and 18.7 of Shobra Malakan system samples contained coliform and faecal coliform respectively. -The study revealed that the temperature of 24 c-26 c and 20 c-29 c is suitable to bacterial growth in ground and surface water systems respectively. Undetectable relationship was found between the bacteriological results and some related chemical parameters, also there was undetectable relationship between the same results and the prevalence of typhiod and hepatitis in the study areas and this was due to law number of samples studied.^leng