الفهرس 
THEORITICAL BACKGRONDOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Chapter 1 contains a general introduction that presents a general demonstration of basic information concerning the research in the present thesis e.g. water pollution with chemicals and in particular heavy metals. It also deals with adsorption in general and bioaccumulation in particular and different types of adsorbents. Chapter 2 presents a literature review of published research related to the present research work. The chapter was terminated by clarifying the aim of the present work and which was a study on the ability of both water hyacinth and saw dust to remove cupric ion from aqueous solutions through the process known as bioaccumulation. Chapter 3 presents a description of the chemicals used and the methods of analysis and methods for preparing and treating both water hyacinth and saw dust as biosorbents, It also includes a description of the batch and continuous experiments which have been used in separating cupric ions by means of the aforementioned biosorbents and a study of the effect of some variables such as initial cupric ion solution concentration, duration of experiment, solution temperature and solution pH on the extraction efficiency. Chapter 4 presents the results arrived at, clarified by figures and tables and an analysis of these results followed by discussion of the results. In the batch experiments the time required to reach equilibrium was determined for each material and Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were constructed and found to be obeyed. However the results proved that copper ions bioaccumulate on the surface of the plant material and do not undergo pore diffusion except in water hyacinth to a very limited extent. In the continuous experiments which were in the form of closed loop column experiments, different factors were investigated for their effect on the bioaccumulation of copper ions by saw dust and water hyacinth and these were initial copper ion solution concentration, solution flow rate through the column, solution temperature during bioaccumulation, solution flow direction (up flow or down flow), particle size of biosorbent, and pH of the copper ion solution.