الفهرس 
titleOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 111 |  |  |
| | | from | 111 | | |
Abstract
Polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) is one of the first materials produced by the chemical industry to be used as a biomaterial. The first applications of PMMA were mostly in dentistry, where it is still the commonest material of dentures. Charnley introduced PMMA bone cment to stabilize metallic hip implants and transfer mechanical loads between implant and bone. Nowadays, despite several refinement bone cement is still based on PMMA. These variations in the chemical and physical make up of bone cement that inturn produce differences in the viscosity, porosity and fatigue strength of bone cement. Alternate the chemical formulation of PMMA aimed to reduce the modulus of cement. One approach to the reduction of cement modulus is the incorporation of butylmethacrylate either as the matrix of filler component of the cement. Such a formulation might also increase its ductility and toughness, thereby making it capable of absorbing more energy prior to failure.