الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 16 |  |  |
| | | from | 16 | | |
Abstract
Drainage water reuse in Egypt represents a major potential water resource for expanding the cultivated area in the near future. EI-Nubaria canal irrigates 1.12*106 feddans. Five potable water intakes take their water from El-Nubaria canal, which suffers from pollution by agriculture drainage water at seven locations. A 57% of such drainage water is coming from E)Nasr-3 main drain. The present thesis focuses on a proposal plan to manage the drainage water of EINasr-3 main drain and its branches by intermediate mixing of a considerable part of its water directly into El-Bostan canal, which serves agriculture uses only. The most suitable mixing locations are chosen according to the design values of discharges, levels, and measured salinities. At present time, about 5.30 BCM/y with low pollutants and an average salinity of about lOOOppm are reused officially and about 2.8 BCM/y are reused unofficially in Delta region. There are 23 locations of drainage water reuse in Eastern, Middle and Western delta regions. Due to increase of pollution in drains, five major mixing pumping stations (Mahsama, Wadi, Boteita, EI-Emoum and Upper 1) were shutdown. Drainage water in Upper and Middle Egypt returns to the Nile system at about 4.0 BCM/y The proposed drainage reuse scheme was evaluated in the study area (228,000 feddans) served by EINasr-3 main drain. Assessment of drainage water qualities and levels was made through field monitoring. Analysis of pollution in main drains in the study area shows that pollution indicators are lower than the international standards. It was found that this reuse scheme would assist in solving water shortage problems, which usually occur at canal tail ends. Moreover, it could be a tool for fresh water saving in winter. Operational model was applied to test different scenarios of reuse. Economic and environmental evaluations of this reuse were carried out for the proposed project. The operation model shows that mixed water at the proposed sites is acceptable for all cultivated crops in the study area. The proposed reuse scheme is also found economical and environmentally feasible.’ The study concludes that this scheme will provide the decision maker with a flexible tool to manage the water quality in El-Nubaria canal and its branches including El-Bostan canal. This scheme also decreases the maintenance and improvement cost of the drainage system.